Here's a case that was taken all the way up to the ECHR where they upheld a blasphemy conviction of somebody who called Mohammed (who fucked a 9 year old) a pedophile: https://globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu/cases/e-s-v-a...

The "where exactly" is the "western europe" from the comment I replied to. Sure, you can't be convicted of blasphemy everywhere there, but the fact that you can be charged with a crime that most sane people assumed hadn't been a thing since the Spanish Inquisition anywhere in Europe is pretty shocking.