> FWIW, France became an empire, then was restored as a monarchy, then back an empire and monarchy before it became a republic durably.
You left out “republic again” between “restored as a monarchy” and ”back an empire” (and actually, even that leaves out the July Revolution which was a change between two different monarchies, and not just different monarchs, in 1830.)
You left out “republic again” between “restored as a monarchy” and ”back an empire” (and actually, even that leaves out the July Revolution which was a change between two different monarchies, and not just different monarchs, in 1830.)