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If other people didn't have children who grew up to be doctors, nurses, etc, there would be nobody to pay.

You need schools, pediatricians, daycare, other kids, etc. Cities (and suburbs) have those, not sure about every rural area. Certainly not the village in the article.

An unfortunate reality is that you're never going to have such services until there are children for them to service.

Decline like this is difficult to reverse, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't try.


I doubt it would make much of a difference. Children growing up in rural communities typically move to a bigger city as soon as they can, which is where they then find mates and start their own families. I suspect not many young people are going to give up the social opportunities to stay in a small town or move back there.

But when they want the family, they have the option to go someplace to build it. That's the point. Right now the people meet in the city and stay in the city because they're tethered there.

I thought that was basically accepted truth? For example, the New York Times described it as:

Recent Immigration Surge Has Been Largest in U.S. History

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/11/briefing/us-immigration-s...


I can't find a chart that is literally just number/year, but the chart at the top of https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/imm... is about the closest I can find.

If you look at it, you'll see that, yes, a million or two million or whatever immigrants arrived during the last year biden was in office.

However, if you're not trying to use statistics to lie, what you'll also find is that millions came every year for the past fifty years, including the years trump was president.

There might be some specific "record number" but only in the sense that the total population of humans increases every year so when the same percentage does the same thing as last year, the absolute number is now larger.

And of course this all ignores the part where immigration is a huge benefit to america.


I think the graph you linked obscures the issue a bit by showing total immigrant population by year, which would change much more slowly than arrivals by year.

I found a graph of arrivals by year here: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/charted-u-s-net-immigration...

It certainly seems to be a big increase under Biden, compared to the last 25 years. Anyway, I personally favor immigration, I just don't want to use statistics to lie to myself either!


I'm not sure what exactly "net immigration" means in specific for these graphs, but according to this chart there were 9.8 million during bush and a predicted 10.4 under biden? This seems... statistically average? The number fluctuates a bit during different decades (and of course it's probably worth remembering that the trump years in this specific graph involved quite a bit of corona virus, whatever that means for these numbers)

My point here is mostly just that america has had lots of immigrants every year for the past 75 or something and there was nothing particularly unique or notable about the recent biden years and the people who claim there is are lying in order to achieve unrelated political goals.


Bush was 8 years while Biden was only 4. Biden was much higher on a per year basis than anyone else since 2000, but obviously people believe what they want to believe.


I was wondering about this, but digital versions are typical DRM-encumbered and actually a license (not a true purchase) whose terms probably don't allow this. The court's decision was that training is fair use, but in practice, it seems many avenues are blocked.

It reminds of the theoretically public beaches that are blocked off by privately owned land.


DRM is irrelevant. That's only if you want to efficiently extract the text.

If you point a camera at an ebook reader with a little motor to tap the screen, "next" that's still easier than scanning physical books.

The reason why companies aren't using ebooks is because all the publishers and ebook companies make you click through a license stating that "this book for personal use" (paraphrased).


I'm on the distributor side, I used to fantasize about using XSLT to produce all the different XML formats (beyond DDEX, like Apple, etc) from one house format, but that was probably a bad idea!


It's almost more of a warning to founders and VCs, that an AI developer that replaces a $100k/year developer might only get them $10k/year in revenue.

But that means that AI just generated a $90k consumer surplus, which on a societal level, is huge!


This is how non-engineers have always lived! The code is a black box, but Product Managers develop a sense of whether the developer really understood what they meant, the QA team verifies the outputs, etc.


From the docs:

Users exclusively belong to Organizations; every User belongs to exactly one Organization.

But I also see a screenshot where, after login, the User has to choose an organization or to create a new one. It seems to me that you support Users and Organizations in a many-to-many relationship, is that correct?

At my work, we landed on the terminology of Users, Memberships, and Accounts to describe this (a User can have Memberships to multiple Accounts, an Account can have multiple Members, etc). As a result, you don't "delete a user", you "revoke a membership".


(I'm the other cofounder of Tesseral).

Yeah, this is a line I wrote and could probably improve the clarity on. It's worth distinguishing the Tesseral concept of a User from the sense in which we might colloquially refer to a user. Some other people call the equivalent of a Tesseral User a Member or something similar.

An individual human being who wants to log in can be represented by multiple Users in Tesseral, each of which belongs to exactly one Organization.

That is, there's support for a given person with a given email address to participate in different workspaces, but each workspace will have a different instance of a User.


That feels needlessly confusing and not a great way to handle large orgs. Datadog does a similar thing—I need to completely switch contexts to start working in a separate organization and there's absolutely no way to open tabs from two orgs side by side. Not to mention, any link to a dashboard or alert will fail until I go and select the right org from the dropdown (and if I don't know what org the link is in from context, I have no way to find it).

I don't think new auth services should encourage this pattern and I highly recommend that you remove this restriction as soon as possible before it becomes even more baked in. Your downstream services should have access to all of the orgs a user belongs to right from the beginning, using a comma-separated list or multi-value headers or something similar. Don't shard user IDs in this way.


I don’t think this is necessarily true. You don’t want org1 to have access to the data that user x has access to in org2.

But when I authenticate my common support agents instead of the customers themselves, I do want them to have access to everything.

I don’t think anyone has yet managed to make this easy.


> But when I authenticate my common support agents instead of the customers themselves, I do want them to have access to everything.

> I don’t think anyone has yet managed to make this easy.

We have a few recommendations for this (I work for FusionAuth, a different auth server). From our doc[0]:

    Have users reset their password every time they need access to a different tenant.
    Use a passwordless login option like a magic link or passkey.
    Set up or use an administrative identity server, such as a second instance of FusionAuth, Google GSuite, or Azure AD/Microsoft Entra, and have these users log in using that.
    Put all admin users in one FusionAuth tenant, create an application in that tenant, and set up an OIDC Identity Provider for applications in other tenants to delegate to that application.
It's a thorny problem, for sure.

0: https://fusionauth.io/docs/get-started/core-concepts/users


> You don’t want org1 to have access to the data that user x has access to in org2

Of course not—I'm not sure why you'd think I mean that?

I'm just saying that if I open a link to `https://datadog.com/alert/12389` and `https://datadog.com/alert/12500` and the alerts are for different orgs, my auth cookies should be able to tell that I, as user X, have access to both orgs without having to "switch contexts" or re-auth.


It's possible to have multiple Datadog orgs open in the same browser context by having an admin from your account enable custom subdomains (https://docs.datadoghq.com/account_management/multi_organiza...).

It would also help with links routing to the correct org:

> If you are a member of multiple organizations, custom sub-domains help you identify the source of an alert or notification. Also, they can immediately switch you to the organization associated with the sub-domain.


Wow, that's super helpful, thanks.

However, that doesn't change my opinion that one-org-per-session and one-org-per-user is a terrible way to design an auth/auth system and Tesseral—a library/service that is trying to Get Auth Right—shouldn't design such a limitation into their system from the beginning


I think FusionAuth does something similar. They have a global user, and uses the notion of tenants / application registrations (which I think is comparable to a Tesseral Organization) to segment the same user.

Then you can define applications (which are mapped 1:1 to tenants) where a user has a registration entry against that application, where a user can be referenced by their global user id, or application-specific user id.

Applications are OAuth2 applications (meaning a dedicated client id / secret), so we only create a single application and tenant, and maintain organization segmentation on our own application / db side instead.

(We're paying customers of FusionAuth. Anyone from FusionAuth, feel free to correct me.)


"An individual human being who wants to log in can be represented by multiple Users in Tesseral, each of which belongs to exactly one Organization."

This will be extremely confusing. You should simplify it and just keep the concept of User as we usually do. A user should have access to 1 or more organizations. That's it. You should rethink this otherwise it will be too confusing.


But isn't this kind of like saying your logins to Blizzard and Activision should actually be the same underlying user? Doesn't make sense, and becomes an authz nightmare, imo.


I think the logic is to differentiate the "identity" from a "user"

One identity can have multiple users (one for each organization) At the same time, a user can have multiple identities. (e.g. username/password, Google oAuth, SAML etc.)


Here is a usecase.

Auth backend for an online accounting software.

An "admin" user creates orgs. Invites 3 other users.

Then there are orgs with multiple admins, multiple users, single user is member of multiple orgs by invite.

Like we have GitHub orgs.


The other terms that gets thrown around for this is “Workspace” and some sort of “Visitor”, “Guest”, or “Membership” relationship, or a “we create a copy and assign it to the new Organization” strategy. The past three places I’ve worked have done something akin to this. Usually after they guess about how Google Docs/Google Workspace functions based on observed behavior.


It's the latter, but is there any effective difference, really? Say that lowering their their staff level from X to Y would result in a 15 minute wait for a smaller, undeterred group of callers. Putting an artificial floor for wait time of 15 minutes would mean that (X-Y) agents are sitting idle while callers are artificially waiting. I assume HP would not continue to employee them, since cost reduction was the point, after all. So it seems like the only difference is order of operations.


This is very cool! Somewhat similar, I recently bought a Nintendo Switch version of Ticket to Ride, which supports using a "companion app" on other devices to show each player their private hand.

However, one unfortunate bit is that the board (in my case, the TV connected to the Switch) is "read-only" and you don't interact with it, unlike real life. You pick which card to play on your phone, and then place it onto the board also on your phone. So basically, all the action is on your phone, and the central board is kind of an afterthought. It doesn't feel as much like interacting with a shared space as I was hoping.

I'm not really sure how to solve that. I thought of some weird stuff (like, maybe after you pick your card, your phone is just a touchpad controlling the card as it now moves around on the big screen) but nothing seemed practical.


An obvious answer is to play the physical game, but I also wonder if people are starting to adapt to virtual tabletop games? Virtual tangible? How intriguing!


https://www.tabletopsimulator.com/ is all about that idea


In this specific case, I bought it during a long overseas trip and our physical games were back at home!

That said, while I love physical games, some digital aspects seemed potentially appealing: automatic scoring, rules enforcement to prevent mistakes, not taking up space, ability to try new ones out easily, etc.


I like digital board games for quick setup and cleanup too. It lets us play more games in a session.


I've been playing a city builder game in mixed reality called Spacefolk City recently, and having experienced moving around little interactive pieces in that context, I think they only reason this isn't common is because having mixed reality devices on hand isn't common. Feels totally natural, way better than a shared TV or something: better a board game, but honestly for MANY games they would be better in a mixed reality setup where the computer can do all the calculations and setup for you. Many great games just have too much setup time.


Sounds interesting, I'll have to look into that. I'll say that the shared TV was better in one respect: it was right-side-up for more than just one person!


Ticket to ride isn’t so bad, but a number of the more in depth board games have a LOT of setup. Digital versions can eliminate hours of tedium across multiple sessions. I have the physical copy of Gloomhaven that was only played once. I played the digital version with my son for tens of hours.


Adobe was trying to figure out how to position Flash in the aftermath of the iPhone. I will forever remember one of their concepts was using a variety of devices to share one experience, like your example of a board game that uses different devices for common and private elements.

20y later, it's disappointing that this is still a novelty. I think Nintendo had a tank game for the Switch, but I never got to try it because everyone needed his own copy and a Switch. Jackbox are the only ones I've seen ship something people actually play this way.

Adaptive design still hasn't been capitalized on as well as it ought to be. Everything is so optimized for metrics and commerce, and good design often gets lost in the fray.


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