> If a 100MW PV farm and a data center are separated by 1km (20 Olympic pools) - is there a way to avoid AC?
Not in any economical sort of way. A rectifier and two transformers is cheaper than directly switching HVDC. If you step up the voltage to 115kV, a 100MW three-phase AC circuit is only 500 amps.
You can’t “join up transformers”, a single-phase transformer is an iron core with two sets of copper or aluminum windings around it. As far as I know, the only way to increase the volt-amp rating is more iron and copper/aluminum. Wiring them in series doesn’t increase the volt-amp rating but you can use (3) paralleled single-phase transformers for a three-phase circuit, I occasionally see a set of three medium-voltage to 480V ‘pineapple’ transformers (with visible live parts!) at the service entrance for older buildings.
I know you can wire transformers in series, but doesn’t that just change the voltage? As far as I understand it, if you have a 75kva 7.2kV -> 480V wired in series with a 75 kva 480V -> 208V transformer, you still only have 75 kva at the secondary of the second transformer.
Could you parallel two (or more) sets of three single-phase transformers into a single circuit on the secondary side assuming they were all identical and the conductors are all the same length? I assume it’s more economical to just have one three-phase transformer for instrumentation/control and switching reasons, just wondering on a theoretical level.
Not an EE, but if transformers are at all like smaller scale power supplies, the issue with using multiple smaller components is it works right up until it doesn't. If you lose one or it gets overloaded, it puts more strain the rest, increasing the failure risk. Then another one pops, and the load shifts to the smaller pool, in a cascade failure.
To an extent, you can do this, as long as you have systems in place to shed load and prevent the components from failing in quick succession by circuit breaking.
Also i believe transformers are much more graceful handling overcurrent than silicon. But everything has its limits.
I went from ~500 ft above sea level (Palm Springs) up to 8,500 feet above sea level (San Jacinto Peak) in less than an hour via the aeria tram a couple months ago and it was very noticeable, my walking speed fell by a third and I was breathing a lot harder than I usually do.
Trying to argue the 14th amendment doesn’t read as plainly as it does was a no-win situation. The government would have to argue it does not have jurisdiction (subject to the jurisdiction thereof) over illegal immigrants which would seemingly (IANAL) mean they’re immune to prosecution for any crime.
You could probably find a hair splitting argument that the child must be born in an actual ‘State’, but aside from that, jus soli citizenship is pretty clearly part of the constitution.
That being said, Pam Bondi was very bad at her job.
2. Prosecute his enemies, such as Comey, Bolton, and Perkins Coie
3. Reward his allies, such as Eric Adams, everyone who violates the Hatch Act in a way that pleases him, and the people he tells to sue the USG so he can direct the DoJ to settle
4. Put crazy stuff like birthright citizenship and IEEPA in front of the Supreme Court
5. Slow roll the Epstein files, don't prosecute anyone
> That being said, Pam Bondi was very bad at her job.
Perhaps so. (In fact, I suspect so.) But having a boss that keeps putting you in impossible situations is not conducive to good performance reviews. She got fired for failing to deliver on Trump's fantasies of how the legal system ought to treat him. A different AG isn't going to do too much better, because too many of Trump's positions are legally insane.
The genesis of the Fourteenth Amenedment was to deny citizenship to any circumventing said jurisdiction, as the Confederate states had done. As illegal aliens have all done. Seems pretty cut and dry to me, especially considering SCOTUS previously ruled American Indians were not under the jurisdiction of The United States after the Fourteenth was ratified, requiring Congress to enact a law granting them citizenship.
DACA is another example, The Obama Administration could not get legislation passed to grant citizenship to those individuals, so drafted an Executive Order to not enforce the law (as he had previously sworn an Oath to do, I might add). And now many of those individuals are facing deportation.
Sources on the first paragraph? I can’t tell what you’re even trying at say.
DACA (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_...) was an exec order specifically because those individuals were brought over (as children, with no agency over their fate) after they were born, not before, so of course they weren’t citizens via the 14th. You’re correct that It wasn’t a law passed by Congress, but it’s irrelevant. I’m not sure what you’re saying, talking anything about DACA in this context is irrelevant.
I was just thinking about the wild times during the 00s where you could easily order research chemicals online, wish I would’ve taken advantage of that to try some of the 2C- series :(
I looked it up. 4-HO-MET is what I was thinking of. One of those companies has ads on Facebook where they call it metocin. Only company I've seen actually say what RC they're selling in candy.
2C-E was pretty nuts. I tried it twice. Would have used it more if it didn't make me so nauseous. Those were the most intense open eye visuals I ever seen. Posters turned into cartoons. The bathroom tile turned to chocolate milk as I puked in the toilet. Tracers and breathing walls all around me. But mentally I felt nearly sober.
I took 4-aco-dmt a couple times. It was like mushrooms but way more intense. I think the intensity was just because I was using a cheap scale and probably dosed with 10mg more than I had intended.
The operators of the fund are allowed to do whatever they outlined in the prospectus to track the index, some funds allow futures, options, and swaps along with equity shares to maintain parity with the index.
There are ways to gain exposure to a single stock without directly purchasing shares, options and swaps being the most common. Owning the actual shares makes things easy for the fund operators, but there are other ways.
SpaceX will not be part of the S&P 500 when it lists, so you can avoid owning SpaceX for now by sticking with non-NASDAQ funds. IIRC it would take about a year for SpaceX to qualify for the S&P 500, four consecutive profitable quarters is needed I believe.
If you own a NASDAQ fund or total US stock market fund, you will have exposure to SpaceX.
Meta spends a ton of money on concrete, a 1M sqft data center with a 6” slab has one yard of concrete for every 54 sqft of floor, which is around 18,500 cubic yards of concrete.
Any improvements to concrete mixes will benefit them.
Oh cool, did he work for MNDOT? I sell and run a lot of work at their facilities, they have a materials lab over in Maplewood off Hwy 36 and English St, and also the weird test surface area on 94 west of St Cloud.
It’s kind of hard to hide electrical transmission line towers and HV->MV electrical substations, let alone power plants or solar fields. Virtually all HV transmission lines and most MV distribution lines are above-ground as they use air as an insulator for economic reasons, same with substations.
A higher amount of distribution lines and substations are underground in dense urban cores and some residential areas, but there’s plenty of above-ground electrical distribution as well.
It’s akin to trying to hide how many skyscrapers exist in the US, they’re highly visible anyways, might as well publish the info so people and companies that live and operate in the US can take advantage of it.
Not in any economical sort of way. A rectifier and two transformers is cheaper than directly switching HVDC. If you step up the voltage to 115kV, a 100MW three-phase AC circuit is only 500 amps.
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